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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 40(4): 604-608, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142426

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Heteropaternal superfecundation is an extremely rare phenomenon that occurs when a second ova released during the same menstrual cycle is additionally fertilized by the sperm cells of a different man in separate sexual intercourse. In August, 2018, the Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación at Universidad Nacional de Colombia received a request to establish the paternity of a pair of male twins with genetic markers. The following analyses were performed: amelogenin gene, autosomal short tandem repeat (STR), and Y-STR analyses by means of human identification commercial kits, paternity index, and the probability of paternity calculation and interpretation. A paternity index of 2.5134E+7 and a probability of paternity of 99.9999% for twin 2 were obtained while 14 out of 17 Y-chromosome markers and 14 out of 21 autosomal short tandem repeats were excluded for twin 1. The results indicated that the twins have different biological fathers. Although heteropaternal superfecundation is rarely observed among humans given its low frequency, in paternity disputes for dizygotic twins it is mandatory to demand the presence of the two twins in the testing to avoid wrong conclusions.


Resumen: La superfecundación heteropaternal es un fenómeno extremadamente raro que se produce cuando un segundo óvulo, liberado durante el mismo ciclo menstrual, es fertilizado por un espermatozoide de un hombre diferente en relaciones sexuales separadas. En agosto de 2018, el Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia recibió una solicitud para establecer la paternidad mediante marcadores genéticos de un par de mellizos varones, en quienes se hizo el análisis del gen de amelogenina, el análisis de repeticiones cortas en tándem (Short Tandem Repeats, STR) autosómicas y del cromosoma Y (Y-STR) mediante kits comerciales de identificación humana y cálculos e interpretación del índice de paternidad y probabilidad de paternidad. Se obtuvo un índice de paternidad de 2,5134E+7 y una probabilidad de paternidad de 99,9999 % para el gemelo 2, en tanto que en el gemelo 1 se excluyeron 14 de los 17 marcadores del cromosoma Y y 14 de los 21 sistemas STR autosómicos evaluados. Los resultados indicaron que los gemelos tienen diferentes padres biológicos. A pesar de que la superfecundación heteropaternal rara vez se observa en humanos debido a su baja frecuencia, en las disputas de paternidad para los gemelos dicigóticos, es obligatorio exigir en la prueba la presencia de los dos gemelos para evitar conclusiones incorrectas.


Subject(s)
Twins, Dizygotic , Paternity , DNA Fingerprinting , Microsatellite Repeats , Fertilization
2.
Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine ; (12): 420-423, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-756130

ABSTRACT

This paper reported a pair of twin babies who were diagnosed as monochorionic (MC) twins (MC) in the first-trimester ultrasound scan after in vitro fertilization.Fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosomal karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid that was randomly collected from one of the twins were performed in the second trimester,but no abnormality was detected.Chromosome karyotype analysis of peripheral blood of the twins at the age of two days and three years showed that both were chi 47,XY,+21/46,XX.And the single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis of oral mucosa cells of the twins at three years old showed that the boy was 47,XY,+21 and the girl was 46,XX.Therefore,we confirmed that they are MC dizygotic twins presenting with blood chimerism but no tissue chimerism.Simply the boy presented with facial features of Down syndrome.

3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(6): 381-386, June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838923

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Congenital Zika syndrome is an emergent cause of a congenital infectious disorder, resulting in severe damage to the central nervous system and microcephaly. Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, we still do not know all the mechanisms enrolled in the vertical transmission of the virus. As has already been reported in other types of congenital infectious disorders in dizygotic twin pregnancies, it is possible that the virus affects only one of the fetuses. In this article, we report on two cases of twin pregnancies exposed to the Zika virus, but with only one of the fetuses affected with microcephaly and brain damage. This indicates the urgent need for more studies regarding the pathophysiology of viral infection and the mechanisms involved in the natural protection against the virus.


RESUMO A síndrome congênita do Zika vírus é uma causa de infecção congênita emergente, resultando em graves danos ao sistema nervoso central e microcefalia. Apesar dos avanços na compreensão da fisiopatologia da doença, ainda não conhecemos todo o mecanismo envolvido na transmissão vertical do vírus. Como já foi relatado em outros tipos de infecções congênitas em gestações gemelares dizigóticas, é possível que apenas um dos fetos seja afetado pelo vírus. Este artigo descreve 2 casos de gestações gemelares expostas ao vírus Zika, onde apenas um dos fetos foi afetado, com microcefalia associado a graves danos no sistema nervoso central. Isso indica a necessidade urgente de mais estudos sobre a fisiopatologia da infecção viral e os mecanismo envolvidos na proteção natural contra o vírus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Diseases in Twins/virology , Fetal Diseases/virology , Pregnancy, Twin , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Microcephaly/virology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Zika Virus Infection/congenital , Zika Virus Infection/diagnostic imaging
4.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 15(3): 357-371, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959673

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Durante el examen de pediatría, genética, ecográfico o de anatomía patológica de fetos de gestaciones gemelares, suelen aparecer interrogantes en el diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente cuando los casos se asocian con maceración, malformaciones o duplicación de estructuras. Objetivo: Proponer un algoritmo para el enfoque de la autopsia perinatal en gestaciones múltiples de difícil diagnóstico. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo del universo de gestaciones gemelares vistas en el Departamento de Patología del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) entre 2007 y 2013. Definimos como "gestación múltiple de difícil diagnóstico" aquella en la que el examen del (de los) feto(s) planteó uno de los diagnósticos diferenciales: feto macerado/evanescente, gemelo siamés, fetus in fetu, feto acárdico o teratoma congénito. Se realizó el estudio anatomopatológico y junto con la literatura revisada, los gemelos se analizaron y clasificaron según el algoritmo propuesto. Resultados: Hubo 59 casos de gestaciones gemelares en las que al menos uno de los fetos requirió autopsia perinatal. Las principales causas de muerte fueron las infecciones ascendentes seguidas del síndrome de transfusión feto-fetal. Como gestaciones múltiples de difícil diagnóstico observamos tres fetos acárdicos y ocho fetos macerados. Se aplicó el algoritmo propuesto en este artículo. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico en las gestaciones gemelares puede ser en ocasiones difícil. Identificamos los aspectos más importantes a tener en cuenta de la historia clínica y de la autopsia perinatal para llegar al diagnóstico definitivo. Desarrollamos un algoritmo para ser aplicado en estas circunstancias durante las autopsias perinatales.


Abstract Introduction: During pediatric, genetic, sonographic, or pathological anatomy examination on complicated twin gestational fetuses, questions arise concerning differential diagnosis, especially when cases are associated with malformations, maceration of several months duration, or complex structural duplications. Objective: To propose an algorithm for approaching perinatal autopsy in complicated multiple gestations. Materials and Methods: Descriptive observational study on twin gestations seen in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) in 2007-2013. We defined "complicated twin gestation" as one in which an examination of the fetus or fetuses raised one of the following differential diagnoses: macerated fetus, conjoined fetuses, fetus in fetu, acardiac fetus, or congenital teratoma. An anatomopathological study was performed and twins were classified according to the proposed algorithm. Results: Analysis of 59 cases in which at least one fetus required a perinatal autopsy. The leading causes of death were ascending infections and fetal-twin transfusion syndrome. Among complicated multiple gestations we observed eight fetuses including three acardiac macerated fetuses. We applied the algorithm proposed in this article. Conclusion: Diagnosis in twin pregnancies can sometimes be difficult. We identify the most important aspects of medical records and perinatal autopsy to be considered in reaching a definitive diagnosis; we develop an algorithm to be applied in these circumstances.


Resumo Introdução: Durante o exame de pediatria, genética, ecográfico ou de anatomia patológica de fetos de gestações gemelares, costumam aparecer interrogantes no diagnóstico diferencial, especialmente quando os casos se associam com maceração, com malformações ou com duplicação de estruturas. Objetivo: Propor um algoritmo para o enfoque da autopsia perinatal em gestações múltiplas de difícil diagnóstico. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo do universo de gestações gemelares vistas no Departamento de Patologia do Hospital Universitário San Ignacio (HUSI) entre 2007 e 2013. Definimos como "gestação múltipla de difícil diagnóstico" aquela na que o exame do(s) feto(s) apresentou um dos diagnósticos diferenciais: feto macerado/evanescente, gêmeo siamês, fetus in fetu, feto acárdico ou teratoma congênito. Realizou-se o estudo anatomopatológico e junto com a literatura revisada, os gêmeos se analisaram e classificaram segundo o algoritmo proposto. Resultados: Houve 59 casos de gestações gemelares nas que pelo menos um dos fetos requereu autopsia perinatal. As principais causas de morte foram as infeções ascendentes seguidas da síndrome de transfusão feto-fetal. Como gestações múltiplas de difícil diagnóstico observamos três fetos acárdicos e oito fetos macerados. Aplicou-se o algoritmo proposto neste artigo. Conclusões: O diagnóstico nas gestações gemelares pode ser em ocasiões difícil. Identificamos os aspectos mais importantes a ter em conta da história clínica e da autopsia perinatal para chegar ao diagnóstico definitivo; desenvolvemos um algoritmo para ser aplicado nestas circunstâncias durante as autopsias perinatais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diseases in Twins , Autopsy , Teratoma , Twins, Conjoined , Colombia , Diagnosis, Differential , Stillbirth
5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1522598

ABSTRACT

El estudio de la genética de la gemelaridad es un campo en continuo avance. A pesar de la investigación intensa, aún no se conoce qué genes intervienen y dirigen la división de un blastocisto que dará origen a dos individuos idénticos, pero se van develando posibles mecanismos así como las diferencias entre gemelos monocigóticos y dicigóticos.


Genetic study of gemelarity is a learning continuum. Intense research has not yet determined genes intervening and leading to blastocyst division that originate two identical individuals but possible mechanisms are unveiled as well as differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

6.
Chinese Journal of Ultrasonography ; (12): 228-230, 2012.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-425136

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the incidence and distribution of fetal discrepancy during the first trimester in dichorionic twins.Methods This was a prospective analysis of dichorionic twin pregnancies that underwent 11+0~ 13+6 week scan at a tertiary hospital from Sep 2008 to Oct 2010.Differences in crown-rump length (CRL),nuchal translucency ( NT),heart rate ( HR).deepest vertical pockets of amniotic fluid (DVP) for every pair of twin fetuses were calculated and expressed as absolute value and percentage of discordance.Results A total of 66 dichorionic twin pregnancies were included.The average CRL was significantly different between the larger fetus and the smaller one,which were (65.28 ±8.54)mm and (62.34 ± 8.49) mm respectively ( P < 0.001).The average NT was significantly different between two fetuses,which were ( 1.56 ± 0.35) mm and (1.28 ± 0.30) mm respectively. HR and DVP were also statistically different between two fetuses ( P <0.001).Conclusions The growth of two fetuses in normal dichorionic twins is not uniform during the first trimester.

7.
Rev. odonto ciênc ; 23(3): 302-306, jul.-set. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-494955

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar o caso clínico de duas irmãs gêmeas dizigóticas de 8 anos de idade, com fluorose dentária em graus diferentes, avaliar as fontes de flúor a que elas tiveram acesso e analisar a percepção estética das manchas de fluorose. Descrição do caso: O exame clínico foi feito na residência das pacientes, no período diurno, sob luz artificial, utilizando-se o Índice Thylstrup & Fejerskov (ITF). Foi diagnosticado o grau 2 em uma das irmãs (P(1)) e o grau 4 na outra (P(2)) em incisivos centrais superiores. De acordo com o relato da mãe, P(2) ingeriu mais flúor através da escovação com dentifrícios fluoretados que sua irmã P(1) até os três anos de idade. A mãe das crianças percebeu os dentes classificados com grau 4 como esteticamente mais satisfatórios que os dentes classificados com grau 2. Conclusão: O odontopediatra deve ser capaz de realizar um diagnóstico preciso da fluorose dentária e dominar as técnicas de remoção das manchas. Porém, deve-se considerar a percepção individual dos pacientes quanto à estética, seus anseios e suas expectativas com relação a um possível tratamento.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a case report of two 8-year-old female patients, dizygotics twins, with different degrees of dental fluorosis, investigate the fluoride sources they were exposed to, and assess the esthetic perception of dental fluorosis. Case description: Clinical examination was performed at home, during day-time, under artificial light, using the Thylstrup & Fejerskov Index (TFI). One twin presented fluorosis degree 2 (P(1)) and her sister presented degree 4 (P(2)) in the central incisors. Their mother reported that P(2) used to swallow more fluoridated dentifrice during tooth brushing than P(1) under the age of 3 year-old. In relation to the esthetic perception of fluorosis, the mother considered that the teeth with degree 4 were more esthetic than the teeth with degree 2. Conclusion: The pediatric dentist should be able to correctly diagnose dental fluorosis and have knowledge on appropriate treatment techniques. However, it is necessary to consider and respect the patients' perception on esthetics and their own desires.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Dentifrices , Fluorosis, Dental/diagnosis , Fluorosis, Dental/etiology , Twins, Dizygotic , Esthetics, Dental
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